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Beth Root Herb - Dosage and Useful Properties
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: BIRTHROOT, COUGHROOT, GROUND LILY, INDIAN BALM, INDIAN SHAMROCK, PLANT, PURPLE TRILLIUM, SNAKEBITE, SQUAW ROOT, TRILLIUM PENDULUM, WAKE-ROBIN
Taxonomic Class
Liliaceae
Common Trade Names
Multi-ingredient preparations: Trillium Complex
Common Forms
Available as liquid extract, powder, and powdered root.
Source
The active agents of beth root are derived from the dried rhizomes, roots, and leaves of Trillium erectum, a low-lying perennial member of the lily family, which grows in Canada and eastern and central United States.
Chemical Components
The chemical composition of T. erectum is not well documented. The plant is reported to contain tannic acids, oxalates, a cardiotonic glycoside similar to convallamarin, and a saponin called trillarin (a diglycoside of diosgenin). Diosgenin may be chemically converted to pregnenolone and progesterone.
Actions
Beth root is reported to have antiseptic, astringent, expectorant, local irritant, and tonic properties, probably because of its tannic acid content. The plant is also reported to act as a uterine stimulant, which may be attributed to the diosgenin component. Some components of other Trillium species have antifungal properties .
Reported Uses
Trillium Complex is used in Australia to treat menorrhagia. The dried rhizome is used by some herbalists as a uterine stimulant. Beth root is a popular cure for bleeding, skin irritations, and snakebite. It has been used as an antidiarrheal, an astringent to reduce topical irritation, and a tonic expectorant.
Dosage
Various dosages have been used, including 1 tbsp of powder in 1 pt of boiling water taken "freely in wineglassful doses;' 1 dram of powdered root P.O. , or 30 minims of liquid extract as an astringent or a tonic expectorant. t.i.d.
Adverse Reactions
CV: potential cardiotoxicity (convallamarin -like glycoside).
GI: GI irritation, vomiting (oxalates and saponins).
Interactions
Antiarrhythmics (such as digitalis): May increase or antagonize effects of some antiarrhythmics. Avoid administration with beth root.Contraindications And Precautions
Avoid using beth root in pregnant patients because of reported uterine stimulant properties.
Special considerations
Monitor for GI irritation and nausea. Treat symptomatically if these effects occur and consider discontinuation of beth root.
Caution the patient taking drugs for a cardiac condition to avoid use of beth root because of its potential to influence cardiac function.
Advise women to avoid using beth root during pregnancy.
Commentary
Beth root has been used as a folk remedy to promote parturition and control postpartum bleeding as well as to treat skin irritation, snakebites, and many other problems, but there is little clinical or scientific evidence to support these claims. The chemistry and dosage range of beth root have been poorly documented. Controlled animal and human studies are needed before beth root or its constituents can be considered medically useful.
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